Showing posts with the label Hacking

Wednesday, 22 June 2022

How I Was Able To Send Emails On Behalf of Any Apple User Email, Yes Any!!!

 



How I Was Able To Send Emails On Behalf of Any Apple User Email, Yes Any!!! 😜



How I Was Able To Send Emails On Behalf of Any Apple User Email, Yes Any!!!



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Disclosure permission was discussed with Apple Security Team before posting this blog.



Hello All, During 2020 I have spend most of time on breaking Apple System and getting good bugs out of Apple Security Bug Bounty Program. I have spend most of time on Apple Products which is my personal favourite area (Not Web App) but few of the bugs I have found was on Web Apps only.

Tuesday, 15 December 2020

Address Bar Spoofing Vulnerability in Multiple Browsers




Address Bar Spoofing Vulnerability in Multiple Browsers(Jio Browser, Apple Safari Browser, BitDefender SafePay Browser and F-Secure Browser)


Address Bar Spoofing Vulnerability in Multiple Browsers


Jio Android Browser Address Bar Spoofing Vulnerability (Jio Browser, Apple Safari Browser, BitDefender SafePay Browser and F-Secure Browser)


Address Bar Spoofing/ URL Spoofing vulnerability allows an attacker to show fake/malicious content on a valid domain.

More Details on this is available over EHackingNews website


Ex. In the Left Side you can see on Address Bar showing as jio.com(Valid Content) and In the Right Side is also jio.com(Fake Contents) That's indicate an Address Bar Spoofing Vulnerability 

Monday, 5 November 2018

Pentesting CMS : Wordpress Joomla Drupal


Pentesting CMS : Wordpress Joomla Drupal

Hello All, Today we will see how we can pentesting CMS like wordpress, drupal, joomla etc.

Sometimes we might get CMS based website or application to do perform VAPT. Pentesting CMS is just like a head ache, Because in CMS the back-end codes are mostly pre-defined as CMS nature and behaviour, Any one can download the CMS package and create his website or blog in seconds without knowing any knowledge of coding and extra skills.

So finally while Pentesting CMS we have to fight with the pre-define codes or you can Static code which id designed by experts like wordpress, drupal, joomla etc.

First of all we have to map our target for structured view. It will better if we crawl our target using different tools like Burp will be the great option, Apart from this we can use "dirb" present in kali linux which will brute force the URI and directory name for possible existence.


Wednesday, 4 July 2018

Information Security Controls

Information Security controls is mechanism or a set of rules to to decrease the risk in terms of vulnerability , internal and external threads etc. Information security also covered the other aspects of an organisation like Computer Security , Physical Security , Network Security , Business Continue Planning , Disaster Recvery Planning, Counter Measures With Existing Or Future Attacks.

These controls facilities an organisation to keep his Information Confidentiol from external or internal attacks, Its maintain and help organisation to keep running their system after any attacks.

Its also proview you an view that how much your Information secure.



Here are some important thing which you should be covered under Information Security Controls.

  • This rule comes under the physical security , In this set each and every person should be pass into the organisation by well managed physical security which should be monitor properly to identify the unknown Intruder.

  • Every information which generated or produce in an Organisation should be properly backup time to time to prevent data loss due to hacking attempt and system failure, Its also recommended to create an extreme back and restore system which should run and managed properly.

  • Incident Response should be there to perform an immediate reply for any incident which can be anything like , Fire attack , physical attacker or any technical hacking attack.

  • Keep you employee Train And Educated about Any incident its also covered in Information Security Controls , If your employee is well trained about these types of situation then there will be less chance of any loss in an organisation.

  • Log monitoring Must be in organisation to identify the Inside and outsider attack before the incident happened , Many organisation use Log Monitoring for their web application and internal system , Incoming and outgoing traffic.


Information security controls are mainly Devided in 7 Categories

Information Security Controls

Information Security Controls


1. Network Security

2.Access Control

3. Security Management

4.Physical Security

5.Business Continuity & DR Planning

6.Operations Security

7.Application/System Security


1. Network Security Controls

Network Security Controls if the first or the important part for an organisation because this part start from bottom line or you can say that this is the heart of any Company . Network Security Covers his internal devices like routers , Switcher and other devices which is very important for an organisation to continue his work.

Setting Up firewall and UTM are recommended for every organisation to keep controls on their Network Environment .


2. Access Controls

Access controls Covers the right or privilege for each and every user which is under an organisation and internal employees , Access controls is comes as Authorization.This is very important that every user his limited user privilege and right to continue his work , Like an employee for any organisation should not able to access administrator level access things action Like changing some one password , access to internal resources , Etc.

 3. Security Management

Security management is the classification of an organization assets inventory which should be followed by proper guidelines , rules set and documentation.Many organisation create Security Policies which should followed by his employee. Like no employee can bring any storage devices in office primasius which decrease the risk of insider data theft.

4. Physical Security

Physical Security its also an important factor for an organisation to identify an unknown intruder or attacker, decrease the risk of business loss like fire attack , earth quake or any natural or unnatural attack.

Many things are comes under the Physical Security Like , CCTV Cameras, Security Guards , Fire Preventions Systems

Entry Gates authentication such like Finger Print Scanner or Eye Detection Mechanism.



5. Business Continuity & DR Planning

Business Continuity & DR Planning allow an organisation to keep running his business regularly if he is/was under attack , Data loss or system failure.

This control managed the whole data of an organisation which automatically back up time by time , to restore  in case of data loss or any hacking attack.



6. Operations Security

OPSEC ( Operation Security ) Covers unwanted or unintended risk which can be performed against us,OPSEC maintain these all things to take care that is there any information can be used against us or not.



7.Application/System Security

Application/System Security is an major control for an organisation to maintain his on-line identify safe and confidential. This controls covers that we should maintain our Application/System Security by different technologies like Firewall , IPS , SIEM and Other Log Monitoring Systems.

This will help an organisation to keep them self secure before or while the attack.






















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Tuesday, 3 July 2018

Attacking JSON Application : Pentesting JSON Application



Hello all, Its quite long time i have dosn`t updated my blog. So  here we go.



Today we will see how we can pentest  JSON Web Application.

Note- Some of the methods are taken from third party resources and some are presented as my personal experience.

First What Is JSON According To JSON Website.

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript Programming Language, Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999

"In a lemon language JSON is typically used Javascript to pass the parameter". Like Below HTTP Request.

GET /site/getuserinfo=narendrabhati HTTP/1.1
Host: websecgeeks.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0
Content-Type: application/json;

Saturday, 30 June 2018

Bypass Rate Limit Brute Force Protection Login Attempt Protection Captcha Bypass

Bypass Rate Limit Brute Force Protection Login Attempt Protection Captcha Bypass


Hello All While pentesting an application we might face some problem of  Brute Force Protection , Login Attempt Protection And Captcha Based Protection , So today we will see how can "Bypass Rate Limit Brute Force Protection Login Attempt Protection Captcha Bypass"

First of all we will not use any kind of ready made tools for this , So lets begin !

Many people will think that this is a small issue, But if we look closely an attacker point of view then we will came to know , that By Brute Forcing any login panel can allows an attacker to gain administrative privilege instead of looking for vulnerabilities like RCE , SQL Injection and other critical vulnerability which might also allow us to take the Root or Administrator Level access.

Here i am describing many different techniques which i have observed while pentesting or hunting bugs.


Sunday, 23 April 2017

iOS Application Pentesting Part 5 : Insecure HTTP Data Transit

iOS Application Pentesting Part 5 : Insecure HTTP Data Transit


Just like Transmitting Sensitive Credentials Over HTTP, Application which used HTTP to communicate with their server and don`t using any kind of encryption are vulnerable to this issues.

In iGoat application, there is a simple demonstration that username & password passed in application is transmitting over http and without any encryption as result an attacker can capture/sniff those packages and could hijack victim`s account.

Sunday, 23 April 2017

Pentesting Node.js Application : Nodejs Application Security

Pentesting Node.js Application : Nodejs Application Security

Pentesting Node.js Application : Nodejs Application Security

Hello folks, Today we will see how we can do Pentesting Of NodeJS Application : Attacking NodeJS Application.

As we know that Javascript is a very common and important language and also a light wight which do our most of task very easily.

But we also know that, Great efficiency comes with great risk. Node JS is a kind of server side programming language derived from JS.

According to Wiki

Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript run-time environment for executing JavaScript code server-side. Historically, JavaScript was used primarily for client-side scripting, in which scripts written in JavaScript are embedded in a webpage's HTML, to be run client-side by a JavaScript engine in the user's web browser. Node.js enables JavaScript to be used for server-side scripting, and runs scripts server-side to produce dynamic web page content before the page is sent to the user's web browser. Consequently, Node.js has become one of the foundational elements of the "JavaScript everywhere" paradigm,[4] allowing web application development to unify around a single programming language, rather than rely on a different language for writing server side scripts.


Today we will see some of the vulnerabilities which can be exploited in Node.JS application. We will also take a look on the source code for better understanding.

Sunday, 16 April 2017

iOS Application Pentesting Part 4 : Installing iGoat Application

iOS Application Pentesting Part 4 : Installing iGoat Application
Picture taken from : https://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_iGoat_Project

To perform hands on practice and learning we will use iGoat iOS Application part of OWASP Security Project. You can find their Github page here. This Mobile Application is designed as vulnerable for Security Professionals and learner to enhanced their Skills over iOS Application Pentesting.

This project is Maintained by following folks.
Swaroop
masbog
mtesauro
DinisCruz

Here is the Project Details

iOS Application Pentesting Part 4 : Installing iGoat Application


For later practices we will install this application XCode and run it, But i recommended you to use a Physical device while performing pentesting.

Thursday, 13 April 2017

iOS Application Pentesting Part 3 : Extracting iOS App Class Information

iOS Application Pentesting Part 3 : Extracting iOS App Class Information

iOS Application Pentesting Part 3 : Extracting iOS App Class Information

Every application has his own group of codes which contents lots of information about the functionality and so on. It will always better if we can extract all the possible information about our application which we are going to attack.

Toady we will see How to Extract Class Information Of iOS Application.

Apple has made some modification in their security and now days most the app store apps are encrypted which first need to decrypt to extract class information.

So first we will see class dumping of non-encrypted apps.

Dumping Class Information Of Pre-Installed Applications
We have 2 ways the find the app.
1) find / -type d -iname "Dam*.app"
2) If the app is customly installed using IPA file then his save directory would be Applications/


I am using the command line search for Damm Vulnerable iOS Application which is developed by  Prateek Gianchandani.

iOS Application Pentesting Part 3 : Extracting iOS App Class Information

Thursday, 13 April 2017

iOS Application Pentesting Part 2 : iOS Application Basics

iOS Application Pentesting Part 2 : iOS Application Basics

In todays post, we will see iOS Application. Knowing our enemy before attacking is very important for us ;)

iOS : If i can say in simple words, Its an Operating System which run various iDevices which is create By Apple Inc.

iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. exclusively for its hardware. It is the operating system that presently powers many of the company's mobile devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch. It is the second most popular mobile operating system globally after Android. iPad tablets are also the second most popular, by sales, against Android since 2013.[9]

Tuesday, 11 April 2017

iOS Application Pentesting Part 1 : Setting Up The Attacking Environment

iOS Application Pentesting Part 1 : Setting Up The Attacking Environment

iOS Application Pentesting Part 1 : Introduction To iOS 


In this article, we will see essentials tools and environment which we required to perform penetration testing and Vulnerability assessment on iOS Applications.



JailBreaking Your Device : ;) 

First thing first, if you are very serious about iOS Application Pentesting then you should required a Jailbroken device with you.
Below we will see how we can JailBreak a iOS Device.
iOS JailBreaking have a great history, First pangu have Jailbroke the iOS then other team did the same.
Be frank to Jailbrea iOS device, First you need to check whether your Installed iOS Version is already JailBroken or not. 

Note - For this particular tutorial we will use Xcode Simulator but highly recommended you to get A Jailbreak Device if you are very serious about learning iOS Application Pentesting.

Tuesday, 11 April 2017

Exploiting Software Based Vulnerabilities : Attacking Network - Pentesting Network

Exploiting Software Based Vulnerabilities : Attacking Network - Pentesting Network

Exploiting Software Based Vulnerabilities : Attacking Network - Pentesting Network 


Vulnerabilities exist on a particular machine can be software and hardware based. Today we will see how we can Exploit Software Based Vulnerabilities to take over target machine.


Software based vulnerabilities are nothing, but just a coding/programming error exist in a Particular software version or series. Which can be hacked/compromise using a group of malicious code called as an "Exploit".


First we have identified a SMTP service on our target machine 192.168.131.137

SLmail smtpd 5.5.0 4433 is running in port 25 

Exploiting Software Based Vulnerabilities : Attacking Network - Pentesting Network

Monday, 10 April 2017

Hacking SNMP Service Part 1 - The Post Exploitation : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting




Hacking SNMP Service Part 1 - The Post Exploitation : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting

Hacking SNMP Service Part 1 - The Post Exploitation : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting


SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a popular protocol for network management. It is used for collecting information from, and configuring, network devices, such as servers, printers, hubs, switches, and routers on an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

With lots of usability, SNMP can be used by an attacker to compromise the services and IT infrastructure as well. which will cover later.


Now we will see how we can brute force the SNMP Services Community Strings.


But Why Crack SNMP Community Strings

The SNMP Read-Only Community String is like a user id or password. It is sent along with each SNMP Get-Request and allows (or denies) access to a router's or other device's statistics. If the community string is correct, the device responds with the requested information. If the community string is incorrect, the device simply ignores the request and does not respond.


What We Can Do By Community Strings.

Default community strings are "public" & "private" with "ro" (Read Only) & "rw" (Read & Write).
As it clear indicates, that Read only means user can only read the information & Read and Write means user can write/update the information present in SNMP.

Monday, 10 April 2017

Hacking SNMP Service Part 2 - The Post Exploitation : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting


Hacking SNMP Service Part 2 - The Post Exploitation : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting

Hacking SNMP Service Part 2 - The Post Exploitation : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting

From our previous post, We have identified the community strings Via Nmap Scan & Brute Forcing the Community String Values.

Now we will see, How can we use those Extracted Community strings for Post Exploitation.

To perform We will use various tools as mention below.

What Is MIB in SNMP

The SNMP Management Information Base (MIB) is a database containing information
usually related to network management. The database is organized like a tree, where
branches represent different organizations or network functions. The leaves of the tree
(final endpoints) correspond to specific variable values that can then be accessed, and
probed, by an external user. To read more about the MIB tree, refer to the following


For example, the following MIB values correspond to specific Microsoft Windows
SNMP parameters.
1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.6.0        System Processes
1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2     Running Programs
1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.4     Processes Path
1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.4     Storage Units
1.3.6.1.2.1.25.6.3.1.2     Software Name
1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.25      User Accounts
1.3.6.1.2.1.6.13.1.3        TCP LocalPorts


Monday, 10 April 2017

Metasploit Pivoting And Port Forwarding : Attacking Network - Pentesting Network

Metasploit Pivoting And Port Forwarding : Attacking Network - Pentesting Network


Metasploit Pivoting And Port Forwarding : Attacking Network - Pentesting Network 


Metasploit pivot technique helps an attacker to Compromise the other Machines which attacker don`t have access to.

So the scenario would be like below.

Attacker: 192.168.23.X
Attacker Can Communicate With System A: 192.168.31.X
A System Can Only Communicate With B System : 10.1.1.X
Attacker Wants To Communicate With Other Systems Using System B.
We also consider that, attacker dont have idea about the System C IP Address.


Pivoting can be achieved in below steps.


Pivoting can be perform in following steps:
  1. Compromise primary target machine (System A)
  2. Search for System network interfaces.
  3. Add route to metasploit session of System A.
  4. Run Proxy server
  5. Scan the Second target machine (System B)
  6. Port forwarding
  7. Perform Exploit

Sunday, 9 April 2017

Default Credentials Vulnerability : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting



Default Credentials Vulnerability : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting


Default Credentials Vulnerability : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting


Hello reader, We have talked lots of about Web Hacking & today i decided to blog some intresting things about Attacking Network - Network Pentesting.

For your information, for demonstration purpose i am using Vyatta VM, which you can also download from http://packages.vyos.net/iso/release/1.1.7/ 

Today we will see the common vulnerability which most of admin do, by keeping default configuration or you can also say keeping default credentials.

So we have a Target machine on 192.168.131.135 & our Attacking Machine on 192.168.131.134

Lets do a Nmap Service Scan on our target machine.

nmap -sV 192.168.131.135 

Default Credentials Vulnerability : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting


So we got some information like port 22, 23, 80 & 443.
Apart from all port, 22 & 23 looks interesting for us and it might possible that credentials would be default for that service. 

Sunday, 9 April 2017

Cracking SSH FTP HTTP FTP : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting



Cracking SSH FTP HTTP FTP : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting

Cracking SSH FTP HTTP FTP : Attacking Network - Network Pentesting

Apart from using Default Credentials, we can also perform a brute force attack on various services to get into them.


1) HTTP (htaccess protected web directory) 

Medusa comes in rescue when we talk about Basic Authorization or Password Protected Web Directory Cracking

Medusa commmand line to For Cracking Basic Authorization or Password Protected Web Directory

 medusa -h 192.168.11.219 -u admin -P Desktop/demo/password -M http -m DIR:/secret-T 10


Medusa will go ahead and try Crack Password Protected Web Directory by using user as admin and password as provide in password list on Password Protected Web Directory secret. 

Wednesday, 5 April 2017

Penetration Testing with Kali Linux OSCP Review and Course, Lab experience — My OSCP Review :Try Harder! ;)

Penetration Testing with Kali Linux OSCP Review and Course, Lab experience — My OSCP Review :Try Harder! ;)

 Penetration Testing with Kali Linux OSCP Review and Course, Lab experience — My OSCP Review :Try Harder! ;) 

Introduction:

Gaining the OSCP certification is a challenge like no other. After my experience with the OSCP exam course from Offensive Security, I decided to go ahead and write an OSCP Review. I registered for this course in July 2015 and choose 90 Days lab. Within a week I received Mail from Offensive Security regarding VPN Access, Course Material all etc.

OSCP is a combination of Network, System & Web Hacking also a medium part of Exploit Writing, where you have to write an exploit for a particular vulnerable software.

Who am I:

For those who doesn’t know me .My name is Narendra Bhati, working @Suma Soft Ptv. Ltd. As Security Analyst. I have 3+ years of experience in Application VAPT. I am also bug bounty hunter and doing it from last 3 years. Yes lots of money ;) apart from salary.

About The OSCP Course:




Wednesday, 2 March 2016

Hacking Facebook Polls: Access Control Vulnerability

Hacking Facebook Polls - Poll Access Control Vulnerability: Dead Pool Version




Hello All,

Its been very long time that i am not in bug bounty things due to some reasons.Today we will see how i was able to do Hacking Facebook Polls.While surfing facebook groups, There is an module called "Polls" who got my attention. Using this module "Polls" admin/group members can create polls to get group members re-actions.

Basically the vulnerability is about "Access Control"  in facebook polls, There are two controls which facebook offers and one of them is "Allow anyone to add options". If poll creator has disabled this option then users cant add more options to the poll, Even admin cant & if it is not disabled then any group member can add more options to the poll.


Hacking Facebook Polls: Access Control Vulnerability



Analysis Part

Monday, 23 June 2014

Referrer CSRF Bypass ( Not Effective But Alternative )


Referrer CSRF Bypass ( Not Effective But Alternative )


Referrer CSRF Bypass ( Not Effective But Alternative )


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Hello all friends we are meeting again in very short time ;-)

Today we will see how we can bypass the Referrer CSRF Bypass

By using Chained Vulnerability..


So Lets Begin

Monday, 7 April 2014

Google CSRF Feedburner , CSRF , Google , Hacking , Bug Bounty ,Vulnerability


Google CSRF Feedburner , CSRF , Google , Hacking , Bug Bounty ,Vulnerability


Google CSRF Feedburner

Google CSRF Feedburner

Hello all . here so much days passed i dint any write anything about web app security
So today i am going to share you a finding with you of "Google CSRF Feedburner"

So here we go ! ;-) & sorry for the grammar mistakes :p
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Wednesday, 24 April 2013

Tuesday, 23 April 2013